Fig. 1

Synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake of Pt@PCN-Cu. (A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis procedure for Pt@PCN-Cu. (B-D) TEM images of PCN-Cu, Pt@PCN-Cu and Pt NPs. (E) Zeta potential of Pt@PCN-Cu. (F) Size changes of Pt@PCN-Cu in PBS after five days. (G) XPS analysis of Pt@PCN-Cu. (H) Representative CLSM images of PANC-1 cells incubated with Pt@PCN-Cu@Cy5.5 for 1, 4 and 8 h. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) and F-actin filaments are stained with Phalloidin (green). Scale bar: 5 μm. (I) Intracellular copper uptake in PANC-1 cells at 2 h post-treatment with different formulations. (J) Subcellular distribution of copper in the cytosol, nucleus, ER and mitochondria of cells treated with Pt@PCN-Cu. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, with ***P < 0.001