Fig. 5
Mn-ER-Cy neutralized the acidic TME and enhanced ICD. (a) and (b) pH test paper and a pH meter revealing the pH values of cell supernatants after various treatments for 24 h (n = 3, mean ± s.d.). (c) Time-dependent pH change curves for cell supernatants in each group (n = 3, mean ± s.d.). (d) CLSM images showing the intracellular pH values of cells after various treatments for 24 h. Green fluorescence intensity correlates with higher pH. (e) CLSM images showing CRT and HMGB1 expression in cells after various treatments for 24 h. (f) and (g) semiquantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensities of CRT and HMGB1 from e (n = 3, mean ± s.d.). (h) Flow cytometry analysis of BMDC maturation after incubation with supernatants from each treatment group for 24 h. (i) Schematic diagram illustrating the potential mechanism by which Mn-ER-Cy promotes DC activation and maturation. The experimental groups were categorized as follows: (I) PBS, (II) 808 nm laser (0.8 W/cm2, 5 min), (III) Mn-ER-Cy, and (IV) Mn-ER-Cy with 808 nm laser. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001