Fig. 6

a Schematic illustration of the preparation of DOX^@3D-MPs. b Schematic illustration of DOX^@3D-MPs to boost anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. DOX^@3D-MPs efficiently targeted tumor cells and induced ICD of tumor cells to release enough tumor antigens. 3D-MPs assisted capturing tumor antigens to promote their phagocytosis by DCs and the subsequent DC maturation and CD8⁺ T cell activation in a HSP70-dependent manner. Combination of DOX.^@3D-MPs and antiPD-1 antibody efficiently hindered tumor growth, generating strong antitumor immune memory to restrain tumor relapse and metastasis. Adapted with permission from Bie et al. 2023 [161]