Table 3 The functions of TAMs in tumor initiation and development

M1-like macrophages

HCC

CCL2

Enhance the CD8 + T cell recruitment

[73]

Melanoma

CCL20, CXCL8-11, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a

Promote inflammatory response, apoptosis, and cell proliferation

[183]

OSCC

IL-6

Increase CSC stemness

[103]

PC

IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a

Increase CSC stemness

[102]

CRC

TNF-a

Increased CD4 + and CD8 + T cell infiltration

[171]

M2-like macrophages

Melanoma

VEGF-A

Promote vascularization

[32]

Melanoma

PGE2, MMP-9

Promote vascularization, tumor growth and metastasis

[195]

LCA, PC

IL-6, TNF

Cauce inflammatory cell infiltration and carcinogenesis

[166, 167]

LCA

IL-6

Induce the EMT to enhance migration, invasion, and metastasis

[181]

LCA

ITG aVb3

Promote NSCLC metastasis

[184]

BC

IL-6

Support CSC survival and tumor progression

[168]

PC

IL-6

Promote cell proliferation, EMT and metastasis

[80, 196]

PDAC

HSP90a

Promote tumor growth

[187]

HCC

IL-6, TNF-a

Promote CSC stemness and EMT

[169]

HCC

MMP-9

Promote angiogenesis

HCC

miR-23a-3p

promote EMT, angiogenesis, and increase vascular permeability

[190]

CCA

TGF-b1

Promote the growth, EMT, and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis

[185]

CRC

IL-6

Promote CRC cell proliferation and invasion

[188]

CRC

IL-10

Regulating M2 polarization; promoting tumor proliferation and migration

[76]

CRC

PDGF-BB

Promote CRC angiogenesis and its migration and invasion

[193]

CcRCC

CCL5

Promote tumor proliferation and migration

[186]

GBM

TGFBI

Promote tumor growth and GSC stemness

[182]

MM

IL-1, IL-18

Promote tumor growth

[189]

Ovarian cancer

IL-6

Increase CSC population

[191]

Ovarian cancer

CCL18

Promote EMT

[192]