Fig. 7
Anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effects of ADVNE and ADVPPE in a humanized CDX model, characterization of specific immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and preliminary safety observations. (A) Schematic of the mouse treatment model for B-D. NCG mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 1 × 10⁶ HCT116 cells. On the day following tumor implantation, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were administered via tail vein injection. When the tumors reached a volume of 50–100 mm³, intratumoral injections of 3 × 10⁸ PFU of adenovirus were administered every other day for a total of three treatments (n = 6 mice per group). (B) Changes in subcutaneous tumor volume and survival were recorded every two days following different virus treatments (n = 6 mice per group). (C) Mouse body weight was measured every two days throughout the survival observation period (n = 6 mice per group). (D) On day 7 after the first virus treatment, flow cytometry was used to assess the infiltration of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and TEM/TE cells in the tumor microenvironment (n = 6 mice per group). (E) An MC38 subcutaneous tumor model was established in C57BL/6 mice. Forty-eight hours after the third recombinant virus treatment, the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, small intestine, and muscle tissues were collected for H&E staining. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. NS, no significant difference; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001