Fig. 5

The results of single-cell RNA-sequencing. Notes: A UMAP plot showing cells from samples; B UMAP plot showing cells grouped into nine major cell types; C The proportion of major cell types; D Comparison of the proportion for each major cell type between two groups; E The epithelial cells harboring higher CNV levels were prominently reduced compared with the NC group; F The subtypes of cancer cells; G Cp⁺ cancer cells were significantly decreased after treatment; H The subtypes of T cells; I-K The proportional of CTL and CD4 Th1 cells significantly increased after HVEM-Fc treatment compared with the control group, While the immunosuppressive population of Tregs decreased due to the treatment; L Cytolytic enzymes secreted by CTLs and CD4 cells increased after treatment; M The subtypes of T cells; I-K The proportion of CTLs and CD4 Th1 cells significantly increased after HVEM-Fc treatment compared with the control group, While the immunosuppressive population of Treg cells decreased due to the treatment; L Cytolytic enzymes secreted by CTLs and CD4 cells increased after treatment; M–N The terminally exhausted phenotype indictor LAG3 and Havcr2 in CD4T decreased after treatment; O-R The abundance of macrophages decreased, while the treatment group showed an increase in the M1 macrophage phenotype, while the M2 macrophage phenotype decreased