Fig. 4

Overview of the bench-to-bedside and bedside-to-bench approaches for personalized treatment and patient management through tumor secretome analysis. The secretome profiles of individual patient tumors are analyzed to identify unique molecular signatures. In the laboratory, these tumors are subjected to thorough screening for potential drug candidates, taking into account their inherent heterogeneity, dynamic metabolic profiles, and specific protein expression patterns. Drug sensitivity assays are performed to optimize therapeutic efficacy and assess patient response. Clinically, treatment recommendations are based on laboratory findings, allowing for personalized therapy adjustments. Treatment efficacy is carefully monitored and the risk of relapse is assessed. Large patient cohorts are monitored and extensive clinical follow-up is performed, using advanced data analytics to refine treatment strategies and improve outcomes