Fig. 2

A visual representation of the immune cell cycle illustrating the effects of high-dose and low-dose radiation. (1) High-dose radiation effectively destroys primary tumor cells, (2) facilitating the release of antigens, and (3) initiating T-cell priming. (4) Immunotherapy reduces T-cell exhaustion and promotes lymphocyte movement to secondary tumor sites. (5) Low-dose radiation, on the other hand, affects the tumor stroma, enhancing the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells into secondary tumor sites. This leads to better immune recognition of tumor cells and continuous tumor cell destruction with ongoing antigen release