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Table 2 Different proposed bs-Abs for targeting TNFR2 and different immunosuppressive molecules and receptors

From: Understanding the role of TNFR2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer

Bs-Abs

Target antigen

Cell type

Function

Format

TNFR2A × TNFR2B, TNFR2A × TNFR2C and TNFR2B × TNFR2C

TNFR2

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signal of TNFR2. Prevent clustering of TNFR2 units

1 + 1

Mb-TNFαA × Mb-TNFαB, Mb-TNFαA × Mb-TNFαC and Mb-TNFαB × Mb-TNFαC

TNFR2 and Mb-TNFα

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the interaction between membrane-bound-TNFR2 and Mb-TNFα

1 + 1

TNFR2 × EGFR

TNFR2 and EGFR

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and EGFR

1 + 1

TNFR2 × CTLA-4

TNFR2 and CTLA-4

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and CTLA-4

1 + 1

TNFR2 × PD-L1/PD-1

TNFR2 and PD-L1

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and PD-L1/PD-1

1 + 1

TNFR2 × VEGFR

TNFR2 and VEGFR

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of VEGF (trap)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × CD20

TNFR2 and CD20

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and CD20

1 + 1

TNFR2 × TGFβR2

TNFR2 and TGFβR2

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of TGFβ (trap)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × CD3ε

TNFR2 and CD3ε

BC cells, CD8+ T cells

Block the signals of TNFR2 and activate CD8+ T cells (T cell engager)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × NK cell activating receptors

TNFR2 and NK cell activating receptors

NK cells, BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and activate NK cells (NK cell engager)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × LAG-3

TNFR2 and LAG-3

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and LAG-3

1 + 1

TNFR2 × CXCR-3

TNFR2 and CXCR-3

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of CXCR-3 ligands

1 + 1

TNFR2 × CXCR-4

TNFR2 and CXCR-4

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of CXCL-12

1 + 1

TNFR2 × IL-4R

TNFR2 and IL-4R

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of IL-4 (trap)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × IL-6R

TNFR2 and IL-6R

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of IL-6 (trap)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × IL-10R

TNFR2 and IL-10R

BC cells, BCSCs, MDSCs, T-regs, B-regs, CAFs, MCSs, EPCs

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of IL-10 (trap)

1 + 1

TNFR2 × E2 receptors

TNFR2 and E2 receptors

BC cells

Block the signals of TNFR2 and block the binding of PEG2

1 + 1

  1. TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor type two; Mb-TNF-α, membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor; Bs-Ab, bi-specific antibody; BC, breast cancer; BCSCs, breast cancer stem cells; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; TGF-β, transforming-growth factor β; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PEG2, prorstaglandin-E2; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; T-regs, T regulatory cells; B-regs, B regulatory cells, CAFs, cancer associated fibroblast; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; IL-4R, IL-4 receptor; IL-6R, IL-6 receptor; IL-10R, IL-10 receptor, VEGFR, VEGF receptor; CXCL-12, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; CXCR4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4; LAG3, lymphocyte activation gene 3