Fig. 1

PDAC tumor glycolysis levels affect the numbers of DCs and CD8⁺ T cells. A Relative luminescence (RLU) levels of glucose and lactate in human PDAC tumors and paired adjacent normal pancreatic tissues (n = 20 patients). B We analyzed public scRNA-seq data and found that the relative LDHA expression levels were higher in cancer cells from primary pancreatic tumors of PDAC patients (Tumor) than those in normal pancreatic epithelial cells derived from individuals without PDAC (Normal). C Fold changes of glucose consumption and lactate production by PDOs. The results relative to Organoid 497 are shown (n = 3, 48 h). D qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of GLUT1, LDHA, and MCT4 in PDOs relative to their expression levels in Organoid 497. The results were normalized to β-ACTIN mRNA expression levels (n = 3). E, F Representative IHC staining of (E) CD8⁺ cells and (F) CD11c⁺ cells in high LDHA PDACs (n = 29) and low LDHA PDACs (n = 19). Scale bar, 100 μm. G, H The analysis of the public PDAC scRNA-seq data revealed the proportions of (G) CD8⁺ T cells and (H) DCs among the CD45⁺ cells from normal pancreatic tissues of individuals without PDAC (Normal) and primary pancreatic tumors of PDAC patients (Tumor). I, J Overall survival analysis (Kaplan–Meier curve analysis) of PDAC patients, combining data from (I) Kyushu University Hospital (n = 29 high LDHA, n = 19 low LDHA) and (J) TCGA database (n = 89 high LDHA, n = 89 low LDHA)