Fig. 2

RDB 1462, administered three days before XRT, exhibits a profound anti-tumor effect. A Tumor growth curves of primary and secondary tumors, and comparing tumor volume on 30 days post-tumor implantation. B Survival curves for the eight treatment groups. C Lung metastasis for various treatment groups. D Spleens of mice from the indicated groups. RDB 1462 combined with XRT induced spleen enlargement due to enhanced immune cell accumulation. E Cytokine profiling of different groups. Blood samples were collected from various groups on day 7 and day 16. N = 5 mice/group, and each experiment was repeated twice. Persistent IL-2 levels were observed in mice treated with RDB 1462, alone or combined with XRT. Increased serum levels of IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-12, and RANTES in mice treated with RDB 1462 combined with XRT. Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to analyze the tumor growth curves. Survival was plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. *, P < 0.05; ****, P < 0.0001