Fig. 5

PDLIM2 knockdown impairs mitochondrial functions in lung cancer cells. A Real-time measurement of cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in control and PDLIM2 knockdown LLC and A549 lung cancer cells using the Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare capacity, ATP production, and proton leak were assessed, respectively. B Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in control and PDLIM2 knockdown LLC and A549 lung cancer cells revealed by staining with MitoTracker Green and MitoTracker Red. Representative dot plots from FACS analysis are shown. The comparison between MitoTracker Green⁺ Red⁺ (functional) and MitoTracker Green⁺ Red⁻ (dysfunctional) populations is presented. Data represent means ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with the shEmpty group. C Confocal microscopy images depict the mitochondrial morphology of control and PDLIM2 knockdown LLC and A549 cells. Green fluorescence represents mitochondria, and blue fluorescence represents Hoechst-labeled nucleus