Fig. 4
PDLIM2 downregulation promotes tumor growth and suppresses SDH gene expression. A C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with 5 × 105 control and PDLIM2 knockdown LLC cells. Tumor volume was measured at the indicated time points, and the mean tumor size was plotted. Mice were euthanized on day 17, and tumors were excised and photographed. B H&E staining of tumor samples to visualize leukocyte infiltrations (left upper panel: 20X, left lower panel: 40X). Leukocyte infiltrations in 20X magnification areas were quantified using ImageJ software (Right panel). C, D Total RNAs were isolated from the tumors using TRIzol reagent. mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP9, and SDH subunits were measured by real-time PCR. The expression levels were normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. Data represent means ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the shEmpty group