Fig. 2
From: Mitochondrial transfer in tunneling nanotubes—a new target for cancer therapy
Mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to tumor cells. In AML cells, NOX2 in mitochondria can produce ROS to further promote tumor cell proliferation. The possible mechanism is that mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (mtROS) stimulates ERK to further activate the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. The mtROS generated by mitochondria can also activate the transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. In prostate cancer, tumor cells change the metabolic pattern of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), causing them to produce lactate. Then, through their own lactate receptor monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1), the lactate is received, further activating PKM2 into the nucleus, and enhancing the demand for CAF mitochondria through the downstream SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway